{"id":7713,"date":"2025-02-12T15:42:00","date_gmt":"2025-02-12T14:42:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/repair.eu\/?p=7713"},"modified":"2025-06-18T16:39:30","modified_gmt":"2025-06-18T14:39:30","slug":"fent-bateries-extraibles-i-reemplacables-una-observacio-mes-estreta-de-les-noves-normes-deuropa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/repair.eu\/ca\/news\/fent-bateries-extraibles-i-reemplacables-una-observacio-mes-estreta-de-les-noves-normes-deuropa\/","title":{"rendered":"Fent\u00a0bateries\u00a0extra\u00efbles\u00a0i\u00a0reempla\u00e7ables:\u00a0una\u00a0observaci\u00f3\u00a0m\u00e9s\u00a0estreta\u00a0de\u00a0les\u00a0noves\u00a0normes\u00a0d\u2019Europa"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Les\u00a0bateries\u00a0tenen\u00a0una\u00a0vida\u00a0\u00fatil\u00a0limitada.\u00a0Assegurar-se\u00a0que\u00a0siguin\u00a0extra\u00efbles\u00a0i\u00a0reempla\u00e7ables\u00a0\u00e9s\u00a0crucial\u00a0per\u00a0allargar\u00a0la\u00a0vida\u00a0\u00fatil\u00a0dels\u00a0productes\u00a0m\u00e9s\u00a0enll\u00e0\u00a0de\u00a0la\u00a0durada\u00a0d\u2019una\u00a0sola\u00a0bateria.\u00a0L\u2019any\u00a02023,\u00a0es\u00a0va\u00a0adoptar\u00a0finalment\u00a0el\u00a0Reglament\u00a0Europeu\u00a0sobre\u00a0Bateries<\/a>,\u00a0que\u00a0va\u00a0entrar\u00a0en\u00a0vigor\u00a0amb\u00a0l\u2019objectiu\u00a0de\u00a0garantir\u00a0que\u00a0aquesta\u00a0tecnologia\u00a0clau\u00a0sigui\u00a0produ\u00efda,\u00a0utilitzada\u00a0i\u00a0gestionada\u00a0de\u00a0manera\u00a0m\u00e9s\u00a0sostenible.\u00a0L\u2019article\u00a011\u00a0del\u00a0Reglament\u00a0sobre\u00a0Bateries<\/strong>\u00a0se\u00a0centra\u00a0espec\u00edficament\u00a0en\u00a0els\u00a0requisits\u00a0d\u2019extracci\u00f3\u00a0i\u00a0reempla\u00e7ament\u00a0de\u00a0bateries\u00a0port\u00e0tils\u00a0i\u00a0de\u00a0bateries\u00a0de\u00a0mitjans\u00a0de\u00a0transport\u00a0lleugers (MTL).<\/strong>\u00a0Aquest\u00a0article\u00a0entrar\u00e0\u00a0en\u00a0vigor\u00a0el\u00a0febrer\u00a0del\u00a02027\u00a0i,\u00a0mentrestant,\u00a0la\u00a0Comissi\u00f3\u00a0Europea\u00a0ha\u00a0estat\u00a0treballant\u00a0en\u00a0unes\u00a0directrius\u00a0per\u00a0a\u00a0la\u00a0seva\u00a0aplicaci\u00f3.\u00a0La\u00a0nostra\u00a0coalici\u00f3\u00a0ha\u00a0aportar\u00a0propostes<\/a>\u00a0al\u00a0llarg\u00a0d\u2019aquest\u00a0proc\u00e9s.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les directrius per a l\u2019aplicaci\u00f3 harmonitzada de l\u2019article 11 del Reglament sobre Bateries<\/a> han estat recentment publicades al Diari Oficial de la Uni\u00f3 Europea. Tot i que no s\u00f3n vinculants legalment, aquestes directrius aporten llum sobre diverses disposicions de l\u2019article 11 i orienten la seva interpretaci\u00f3 i futura aplicaci\u00f3. Com \u00e9s habitual, hem analitzat de prop el que contenen i el que no. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Definicions i excepcions<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Per comen\u00e7ar, les directrius aclareixen algunes definicions – com, per exemple, qui \u00e9s considerat un \u201cprofessional independent\u201d per a les operacions de reparaci\u00f3. Tamb\u00e9 s\u2019ofereixen orientacions sobre els tipus d\u2019eines, seguint l\u2019est\u00e0ndard EN:45554(2020)<\/a>. No obstant aix\u00f2, \u00e9s lamentable que, per considerar que una bateria \u00e9s f\u00e0cilment extra\u00efble per part dels usuaris, segons les directrius n\u2019hi hagi prou amb que es pugui retirar amb eines comercialment disponibles, en comptes d\u2019eines b\u00e0siques<\/strong>, la qual cosa (i) faria la reparaci\u00f3 m\u00e9s accessible per a tothom i (ii) s\u2019alinearia amb la normativa existent d\u2019Ecodisseny. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Excepcions parcials als requisits de l\u2019Article 11 s\u00f3n possibles per a productes dissenyats per funcionar principalment en entorns humits. Les directrius confirmen cinc criteris que han de complir-se perqu\u00e8 aquestes excepcions siguin permeses -en aquest cas, les bateries nom\u00e9s han de ser reempla\u00e7ables per un professional independent, no per l\u2019usuari final. Els criteris de \u201ccomprom\u00eds amb la seguretat\u201d i \u201cimpossibilitat de redisseny\u201d del producte es mantenen rigorosos<\/strong>, requerint proves directes en la documentaci\u00f3 del producte. Com a resultat, seria l\u00f2gic esperar que els \u00edndexs de protecci\u00f3 (IP) dels productes es confirmessin com a insuficients<\/strong> per demostrar el compliment dels criteris. Tanmateix, el text de les directrius cont\u00e9 un error ortogr\u00e0fic important, especificant que les classificacions IP poden ser considerades \u201csuficients\u201d per demostrar el compliment, un error que cal corregir immediatament per evitar confusions. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alguns productes es beneficien d\u2019una exempci\u00f3 total de les normes, com ara productes vitals o cr\u00edtics per a la seguretat, com dispositius m\u00e8dics implantables actius o cr\u00edtics per a la seguretat, o productes que recullen dades cont\u00ednuament, com dispositius de laboratori o terminals de punt de venda (TPV). Malauradament, els audi\u00f2fons tamb\u00e9 han estat inclosos entre els productes elegibles per a l\u2019exempci\u00f3 total<\/strong> per \u201criscos de seguretat\u201d en cas de substituci\u00f3 de la bateria, tot i que es pot realitzar perfectament de manera segura per l\u2019usuari.<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u00e8 passa amb les bateries dels tel\u00e8fons intel\u00b7ligents?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Lamentablement, s\u2019ha perdut una gran oportunitat per garantir que totes les bateries de tel\u00e8fons intel\u00b7ligents i tauletes siguin extra\u00efbles i reempla\u00e7ables per les persones usu\u00e0ries. Despr\u00e9s de diversos canvis de criteri per part de la Comissi\u00f3 al llarg del proc\u00e9s legislatiu, les directrius indiquen que, per a les bateries port\u00e0tils cobertes per la normativa d\u2019Ecodisseny per a tel\u00e8fons i tauletes<\/a>, aquesta tindr\u00e0 prioritat sobre el reglament de Bateries<\/strong>, permetent una important excepci\u00f3 als requisits d\u2019extracci\u00f3 i reempla\u00e7ament per als dispositius que compleixin determinats requisits de durabilitat de la bateria i resist\u00e8ncia a l\u2019aigua<\/a>. Aix\u00f2 no nom\u00e9s contradiu l\u2019objectiu mateix del Reglament de Bateries, sin\u00f3 que tamb\u00e9 corre el risc d\u2019establir un precedent perill\u00f3s decara als futurs requisits d\u2019Ecodisseny espec\u00edfics per a productes, refor\u00e7ant una falsa dicotomia entre durabilitat i reparabilitat. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Compatibilitat i disponibilitat de bateries de recanvi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Quan \u00e9s hora de reempla\u00e7ar una bateria, s\u2019espera que les bateries de recanvi siguin disponibles i compatibles amb el respectiu dispositiu. Tamb\u00e9 s\u2019espera que la compatibilitat no es restringeixi nom\u00e9s a bateries originals. Per sort, les directrius clarifiquen que el disseny de les bateries ha de permetre l\u2019\u00fas tant de bateries originals con de compatibles<\/strong>, mentre que s\u2019asseguri la seguretat, funci\u00f3 i funcionalitat d\u2019ambdues. Tamb\u00e9 prohibeixen les pr\u00e0ctiques de programa que limiten el reempla\u00e7ament de bateries<\/strong> influenciant la funcionalitat dels productes, especialment l\u2019emparellament de peces<\/strong>. Tanmateix, el que podria ser un problema \u00e9s que proveir instruccions de reempla\u00e7ament en el manual de l\u2019usuari \u00e9s nom\u00e9s \u201cmolt recomanable\u201d i no requerit per als fabricants. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les bateries de recanvi han de ser tant accessibles com assequibles per permetre realment la reparaci\u00f3. Les directrius especifiquen que les bateries de recanvi s’han d’oferir durant almenys cinc anys despr\u00e9s de la comercialitzaci\u00f3 de la darrera unitat del producte. Tamb\u00e9 ofereixen orientacions sobre el termini m\u00e0xim de lliurament, fent refer\u00e8ncia als requisits existents d’Ecodisseny, i afirmen que les bateries s’han d’oferir a un preu raonable i no discriminatori.<\/strong> Tanmateix, aquest concepte no es defineix m\u00e9s detalladament.<\/strong> Un criteri basat en la proporcionalitat respecte al preu del producte seria adequat, ja que diversos estudis han demostrat que els consumidors tendeixen a substituir en lloc de reparar quan el cost total de la reparaci\u00f3 supera el 30% del preu d\u2019un producte nou o equivalent<\/a>. At\u00e8s que els costos de reparaci\u00f3 inclouen no nom\u00e9s les peces de recanvi sin\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 la m\u00e0 d’obra i els costos de transport, seria recomanable establir un llindar proporcional molt per sota del 30% del cost d\u2019un producte nou<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aquesta mesura hauria d’aplicar-se tamb\u00e9 de manera general a totes les peces de recanvi dels productes coberts pels requisits de reparabilitat, ja que la Directiva sobre el Dret a la Reparaci\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 estableix l’obligaci\u00f3 d’un preu raonable per a les peces de recanvi, tot i que novament sense oferir orientacions ni criteris. A Right to Repair Europe continuarem defensant que els preus de les peces de recanvi i de les reparacions siguin relment raonables com a requisit essencial per garantir un dret universal a la reparaci\u00f3. I, a mesura que l’article 11 del Reglament sobre Bateries entri en vigor al febrer de 2027, vigilarem l’aplicaci\u00f3 de les directrius de la Comissi\u00f3 i el seu impacte en el dret dels consumidors a reparar dispositius alimentats per batteries<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aquesta mesura hauria d’aplicar-se tamb\u00e9 de manera general a totes les peces de recanvi dels productes coberts pels requisits de reparabilitat<\/a>, ja que la Directiva sobre el Dret a la Reparaci\u00f3<\/a> tamb\u00e9 estableix l\u2019obligaci\u00f3 d\u2019un preu raonable per a les peces de recanvi, tot i que novament sense oferir orientacions ni criteris. A Right to Repair Europe continuarem defensant que els preus de les peces de recanvi i de les reparacions siguin realment raonables<\/strong> com a requisit essencial per garantir un dret universal a la reparaci\u00f3. I, a mesura que l\u2019article 11 del Reglament sobre Bateries entri en vigor al febrer de 2027, vigilarem l\u2019aplicaci\u00f3 de les directrius de la Comissi\u00f3<\/strong> i el seu impacte en el dret dels consumidors a reparar dispositius alimentats per bateries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La UE ha publicat noves directrius per als requisits de removibilitat i reempla\u00e7abilitat en virtut del Reglament sobre bateries. 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